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Many people with Klinefelter syndrome have no sperm seen in the ejaculate, but that does not always mean the testicles contain no sperm. In selected cases, sperm may be found directly from testicular tissue using specialist sperm retrieval surgery, most often with microdissection TESE.

Klinefelter syndrome is one of the better-known genetic causes of male infertility, yet many people only hear about it after months or years of trying to conceive. It can affect testosterone levels, testicular development, sperm production, and general health. The good news is that diagnosis gives useful direction. It can help guide hormone care, fertility planning, and realistic treatment options.