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Severe male infertility can look simple on the surface: a semen analysis shows very few sperm, or none at all. Beneath that result, the cause may sit in a tiny missing segment of DNA on the Y chromosome.

Low sperm count, also called oligospermia, means there are fewer sperm in the semen than expected for natural conception. It does not mean pregnancy is impossible. It does mean the chances may be lower, because fewer sperm are available to travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilise an egg.

For many people, Klinefelter syndrome is not found in childhood. It may not be found in adolescence either. The first clear clue can appear much later, during fertility testing, when a semen analysis shows azoospermia or severe oligospermia.

Klinefelter syndrome fertility can feel confusing because semen tests often show no sperm, yet sperm may still be present in tiny areas inside the testicles. That’s why the next step usually isn’t guesswork. It’s a proper assessment with a male fertility specialist who understands genetics, hormones, sperm retrieval, and IVF.

Klinefelter syndrome is one of the better-known genetic causes of male infertility, yet many people only hear about it after months or years of trying to conceive. It can affect testosterone levels, testicular development, sperm production, and general health. The good news is that diagnosis gives useful direction. It can help guide hormone care, fertility planning, and realistic treatment options.

Learn how male infertility is diagnosed, from medical history and semen analysis to hormone, genetic and imaging tests, and when advanced testing may be needed.

Discover the common causes of male infertility, including low sperm count, varicocele, azoospermia and hormonal problems, plus how male infertility is diagnosed and treated.